Inkqubo yokucoca umoya yegumbi elisebenzayo kunye nekhuselekileyo iqinisekisa indawo eyinyumba yegumbi lokusebenza, kwaye inokuhlangabezana nemekobume eyinyumba efunekayo yokutshintshwa kwelungu, intliziyo, isitya segazi, ukutshintshwa ngokubambisana okwenziweyo kunye neminye imisebenzi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-high-effective kunye ne-low-toxic disinfectants, kunye nokusetyenziswa okunengqiqo, ngamanyathelo anamandla okuqinisekisa indawo eyinyumba yamagumbi okusebenza ngokubanzi.Ngokweengxoxo eziqhubekayo kunye nokuqwalasela ngokuphindaphindiweyo, i-"General Hospital Architectural Design Code" ehlaziyiweyo, izibonelelo kumagumbi okusebenza ngokubanzi agqitywa ekugqibeleni njengoko: "Amagumbi okusebenza ngokubanzi kufuneka asebenzise iinkqubo zokupholisa umoya kunye nezihlungi ze-terminal ezingekho ngaphantsi kwezihluzo eziphezulu okanye umoya opholile.Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya.Gcina uxinzelelo oluhle kwigumbi, kwaye inani lotshintsho lomoya aliyi kuba ngaphantsi kwamaxesha ama-6 / h ".Kwezinye iiparameters ezingabandakanyekanga, ezifana nobushushu kunye nokufuma, nceda ubhekiselele kwigumbi lokusebenza elicocekileyo leKlasi IV.
Ukuhlelwa kwegumbi lokusebenza
Ngokweqondo lobunyumba okanye ubunyumba bomsebenzi, igumbi lokutyanda linokohlulwa ngokwazi ndidi zintlanu zilandelayo:
(1) Igumbi lotyando lodidi I: oko kukuthi, igumbi lotyando lokucoca, elamkela ikakhulu utyando olunjengobuchopho, intliziyo, kunye noqhaqho-fakelo lwamalungu.
(2) Igumbi lokuhlinza leKlasi yesi-II: igumbi lotyando elingenazintsholongwane, elamkela ikakhulu utyando lwe-aseptic olufana ne-splenectomy, ukucuthwa okuvulekileyo kweefractures ezivaliweyo, utyando lwe-intraocular, kunye ne-thyroidectomy.
(3) Igumbi lokusebenza lweClass III: oko kukuthi, igumbi lokusebenza kunye neebhaktheriya, ezamkela ukuhlinzwa kwisisu, i-gallbladder, isibindi, i-appendix, izintso, imiphunga kunye nezinye iindawo.
(4) Igumbi lokusebenza leKlasi yesi-IV: igumbi lokusebenza losulelo, elamkela ngokukodwa imisebenzi efana ne-appendix perforation perforation peritonitis, i-tuberculous abscess, i-abscess incision kunye ne-drainage, njl.
(5) Igumbi lotyando loKlasi V: oko kukuthi, igumbi lotyando olukhethekileyo, elamkela ikakhulu utyando losulelo olufana nePseudomonas aeruginosa, iBacillus gas gangrene, kunye neBacillus tetanus.
Ngokweengcali ezahlukeneyo, amagumbi okusebenza angahlulwa abe ngotyando ngokubanzi, i-orthopedics, obstetrics kunye ne-gynecology, utyando lwengqondo, utyando lwe-cardiothoracic, i-urology, ukutshisa, i-ENT kunye namanye amagumbi okusebenza.Ekubeni imisebenzi yeengcali ezahlukeneyo isoloko ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo, amagumbi okusebenzela okusebenza ngokukhethekileyo kufuneka alungiswe ngokwentelekiso.
Igumbi lokusebenza elipheleleyo libandakanya ezi ndawo zilandelayo:
①Igumbi lokugqitha elicocekileyo: kubandakanya igumbi lokutshintsha izihlangu, igumbi lokunxiba, igumbi lokuhlambela, igumbi lokuhlambela lomoya, njl.;
②Igumbi lotyando: kubandakanywa igumbi lokusebenza ngokubanzi, igumbi lokusebenza elingenazintsholongwane, igumbi lokusebenza lokucoca i-laminar, njl.;
③ Igumbi elincedisayo lotyando: kubandakanywa indlu yangasese, igumbi lokuthomalalisa iintlungu, igumbi lokuphefumla, igumbi lokucoca, igumbi lokutyabeka, njl.;
④ Igumbi lonikezelo lokubulala iintsholongwane: kubandakanya igumbi lokubulala iintsholongwane, igumbi lokubonelela, igumbi lezixhobo, igumbi lokunxiba, njl.;
⑤ Igumbi lokuxilongwa kwelebhu: kubandakanywa iX-reyi, i-endoscopy, i-pathology, i-ultrasound kunye namanye amagumbi okuhlola;
⑥Igumbi lokufundisa: kubandakanywa itafile yokujonga ukusebenza, igumbi lokufundela likamabonakude elivaliweyo, njl. njl.;
icandelo lommandla
Igumbi lotyando malihlulwe ngokungqongqo libe yindawo ethintelweyo (igumbi lokusebenza elingenazintsholongwane), indawo enemiqobo engqongqo (igumbi lotyando elingcolisekileyo) kunye nendawo engathintelwanga.Kukho iidizayini ezimbini zokwahlula iindawo ezintathu: enye kukuseta indawo ethintelweyo kunye nommandla othintelweyo kwiindawo ezimbini kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo.Olu luyilo lunokuqhuba ngokupheleleyo ukwahlukaniswa kococeko, kodwa lufuna iiseti ezimbini zezibonelelo, lwandise abasebenzi, kwaye alukho lula ukulawula;ezimbini Ukuze umise iindawo ezithintelweyo kunye neendawo ezingathinteliyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo omgangatho ofanayo, umbindi uguqulwa ukusuka kwindawo ethintelweyo, kwaye izixhobo zabelwana ngazo, ezilungele ukuyila kunye nokulawula.
Iindawo ezithintelweyo ziquka amagumbi otyando angenazintsholongwane, amagumbi angenazintsholongwane, amagumbi okugcina iziyobisi, njl.Kuloo mmandla ungathintelwanga, kukho amagumbi okunxiba, amagumbi etyatyekwa, amagumbi omzekelo, amagumbi okucoca ilindle, amagumbi okuthomalalisa iintlungu nawokucocwa, iiofisi zabongikazi, amagumbi okuphumla abasebenzi bezonyango, iindawo zokutyela, neendawo zokuphumla zamalungu eentsapho zabaguli abatyandwayo.Igumbi lomsebenzi kunye neofisi yomongikazi kufuneka ibekwe kufuphi nesango lokungena.
Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yegumbi lokusebenza
Igumbi lokusebenza kufuneka libekwe kwindawo ezolileyo, ecocekileyo nefanelekileyo yokunxibelelana namasebe afanelekileyo.Izibhedlele ezinezakhiwo eziphantsi njengesakhiwo esiphambili kufuneka zikhethe iiplanki, kunye nezibhedlele ezinezakhiwo eziphakamileyo njengomzimba oyintloko kufuneka zikhethe umgangatho ophakathi wesakhiwo esikhulu.Umgaqo woqwalaselo lwendawo yegumbi lokusebenza kunye namanye amasebe kunye namasebe kukuba ikufuphi nesebe lokusebenza, ibhanki yegazi, isebe lokuxilongwa kwemifanekiso, isebe lokuxilongwa kwebhubhoratri, isebe lokuxilongwa kwe-pathological, njl., ekulungele ukudibana nomsebenzi, kwaye kufuneka kube kude kumagumbi ebhoyila, amagumbi okulungisa, amaziko okucoca ugutyulo, njalo njalo, ukuphepha ungcoliseko nokunciphisa ingxolo.Igumbi lokusebenza kufuneka ligweme ukukhanya kwelanga kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kulula ukujongana nomntla, okanye ukuthungwa ngeglasi enemibala ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukukhanya okwenziwayo.Ukuqhelaniswa negumbi lokusebenza kufuneka kuthintele i-air vents ukunciphisa ukuxinana kothuli lwangaphakathi kunye nongcoliseko lomoya.Ngokuqhelekileyo ilungiselelwe ngendlela ephakathi, eyenza indawo yonyango ezimeleyo, kubandakanywa inxalenye yokusebenza kunye nenxalenye yokubonelela.
Uyilo
Uyilo ngokubanzi lwesebe legumbi lokusebenza lunengqiqo kakhulu.Ukungena kwigumbi lokusebenza kwamkela isisombululo se-double-channel, njengamatshaneli otyando oluyinyumba, kubandakanywa iziteshi zabasebenzi bezonyango, iziteshi zesigulane, kunye neendlela ezicocekileyo zokubonelela ngezinto;imijelo yokulahla engacocekanga:
Izinto ezingcolisekileyo zezixhobo kunye nokunxiba emva kotyando.Kukwakho nejelo eliluhlaza elizinikeleyo lokuhlangula izigulane, ukuze izigulana ezigula kakhulu zifumane olona nyango lusexesheni.Inokwenza umsebenzi wesebe elisebenzayo ufezekiseke ngcono ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokwahlulwa, ucoceke kwaye uthintele, kwaye uthintele ukosuleleka ngowona mlinganiselo mkhulu.
Igumbi lotyando lahlulwe laba ngamagumbi amaninzi otyando.Ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okucocwa, kukho amagumbi okusebenza anamanqanaba angamakhulu amabini, amagumbi okusebenza angamawaka amabini, kunye namagumbi okusebenza angamawaka alishumi.Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo amagumbi okusebenza aneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa: amagumbi okusebenza amanqanaba angama-100 Asetyenziselwa ukutshintshwa ngokubambisana, i-neurosurgery, utyando lwentliziyo;Igumbi lokusebenza le-Class 1000 lisetyenziselwa iklasi yemisebenzi yamanxeba kwi-orthopaedics, utyando ngokubanzi, kunye notyando lweplastiki;Igumbi lokusebenzisa i-10,000 lisetyenziselwa utyando lwe-thoracic, i-ENT, i-urology kunye nokuhlinzwa ngokubanzi Ukongeza ekusebenzeni kweklasi yamanxeba;igumbi lokusebenza elinokutshintshwa koxinzelelo olulungileyo kunye olubi lunokusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo yosulelo.Ukucoca umoya womoya kudlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo ekuthinteleni usulelo kunye nokuqinisekisa impumelelo yotyando, kwaye bubuchwephesha obuyimfuneko obuxhasayo kwigumbi lokusebenza.Amagumbi okusebenza akumgangatho ophezulu afuna i-airconditioner ecocekileyo ekumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye i-conditioner ecocekileyo esemgangathweni inokuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wamagumbi okusebenza.
Ukucoca umoya
Uxinzelelo lomoya lwegumbi lokusebenza luyahluka ngokweemfuno zokucoceka kweendawo ezahlukeneyo (ezifana negumbi lokusebenza, igumbi lokulungiselela eliyinyumba, igumbi lokuxubha, igumbi le-anesthesia kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo ezicocekileyo, njl.).Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo amagumbi okusebenza okuhamba kwe-laminar anemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokucoceka komoya.Ngokomzekelo, i-US Federal Standard 1000 yinani leengqungquthela zothuli ≥ 0.5 μm nge-cubic foot of air, ≤ 1000 particles okanye ≤ 35 iincinci ngelitha yomoya.Umgangatho we-10000-level ye-laminar flow flowing room yinani leengqungquthela zothuli ≥0.5μm nge-cubic foot of air, ≤10000 iincinci okanye ≤350 iinqununu ngelitha yomoya.Kwaye nangokunjalo.Injongo ephambili yokukhupha umoya wegumbi lokusebenza kukususa igesi yokukhupha kwindawo nganye yokusebenzela;ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani obufunekayo bomoya omtsha kwigumbi ngalinye lokusebenzela;ukususa uthuli kunye ne-microorganisms;ukugcina uxinzelelo oluyimfuneko olufanelekileyo kwigumbi.Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zomoya wokungena komoya onokuthi uhlangabezane neemfuno zokungenisa umoya zegumbi lokusebenza.Ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kokunikezelwa komoya ngomatshini kunye nokuphuma komatshini: Le ndlela yokungenisa umoya inokulawula inani lokutshintsha komoya, umthamo womoya kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, kwaye umphumo wokungena umoya ungcono.Ukunikezelwa komoya koomatshini kunye nomoya ophumayo wendalo usetyenziswa kunye.Amaxesha okungena komoya kunye namaxesha ale ndlela yokungenisa umoya anqunyelwe kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye umphumo wokungena komoya awulungile njengangaphambili.Inqanaba lokucoceka kwegumbi lokusebenza lihluke kakhulu ngenani leengqungquthela zothuli emoyeni kunye nenani lezinto eziphilayo.Okwangoku, eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu ngumgangatho wokuhlela weNASA.Itekhnoloji yokucoca ifezekisa injongo yobunyumba ngokulawula ukucoceka kokunikezelwa komoya ngokucocwa koxinzelelo olulungileyo.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubonelela komoya, itekhnoloji yokucoca inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: inkqubo yesiphithiphithi yokuhamba kunye ne-laminar flow system.(1) Inkqubo ye-turbulence (iNdlela yokuLawulwa ngaManinzi): Izibuko lokubonelela ngomoya kunye nesihluzo esiphezulu senkqubo yokuhamba kwesiphithiphithi sibekwe kwisilingi, kwaye i-airport yokubuyela emoyeni ibekwe kumacala omabini okanye inxalenye engezantsi yodonga lwecala elinye. .Isihluzi kunye nonyango lomoya lulula, kwaye ukwandiswa kukulungele., Iindleko ziphantsi, kodwa inani leenguqu zomoya lincinci, ngokuqhelekileyo i-10 ukuya kumaxesha angama-50 / h, kwaye kulula ukuvelisa i-eddy currents, kwaye iinqununu ezingcolisayo zinganqunyanyiswa kwaye zijikelezwe kwindawo yangoku ye-eddy yangaphakathi, yenze i-eddy currents. ukungcolisa ukuhamba komoya kunye nokunciphisa iqondo lokucoca ngaphakathi.Isebenza kuphela kwi-10,000-1,000,000 yamagumbi acocekileyo kwimigangatho yeNASA.(2) Inkqubo yokuhamba kwe-laminal flow: Inkqubo yokuhamba kwe-laminar isebenzisa umoya kunye nokusabalalisa okufanayo kunye nesantya sokuhamba esifanelekileyo ukukhupha amasuntswana kunye nothuli oluphuma kwigumbi lokusebenza ngokuphuma komoya obuyayo, ngaphandle kokuvelisa i-eddy current, ngoko kungabikho uthuli oludadayo, kwaye iqondo lokucoca utshintsho kunye notshintsho.Inokuphuculwa ngokunyusa inani lamaxesha omoya kwaye ifanelekile kumagumbi okusebenza amanqanaba angama-100 kwimigangatho yeNASA.Nangona kunjalo, izinga lomonakalo wetywina lokucoca lilikhulu kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu.
Izixhobo zegumbi lokusebenza
Iindonga kunye neesilingi zegumbi lokusebenza zenziwe ngezinto ezingavakaliyo, ziqinile, zigudileyo, azinanto, zingatshi, zingenwa bumanzi, kwaye kulula ukuzicoca.Imibala iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okhanyayo kunye noluhlaza okhanyayo.Iikona zingqukuva ukuthintela ukufumba kothuli.Izibane zokubukela ifilimu, iikhabhinethi zamayeza, i-consoles, njl. Kufuneka zifakwe eludongeni.Ucango kufuneka lube banzi kwaye lungabinamgubasi, olulungele ukuba iimoto ezisicaba zingene kwaye ziphume.Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iingcango zasentwasahlobo ekulula ukuzijiwuzisa ukuthintela uthuli kunye neebhaktheriya ekubhabheni ngenxa yokuhamba komoya.Iifestile kufuneka ziphindwe kabini, ngokukhethekileyo iifreyimu zefestile ze-aluminium alloy, ezihambelana nothuli kunye ne-thermal insulation.Iglasi yefestile kufuneka ibe mdaka.Ububanzi bepaseji kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-2.5m, ekulungele ukuba imoto ethe tyaba iqhube kwaye iphephe ukungqubana phakathi kwabantu abadlulayo.Imigangatho kufuneka yakhiwe ngezinto eziqinileyo, ezigudileyo kwaye zikhuhlwe lula.Umhlaba uthambekele kancinane kwikona, kwaye i-drain yomgangatho ibekwe kwindawo engezantsi ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka, kwaye imingxuma yokuhambisa amanzi igutyungelwe ukukhusela umoya ongcolileyo ukuba ungene kwigumbi okanye uvalwe zizinto zangaphandle.
Umbane wegumbi lokusebenza kufuneka ube neendawo ezimbini zokubonelela umbane ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.Kufuneka kubekho iisokethi zombane ezaneleyo kwigumbi lokusebenza ngalinye ukuququzelela ukunikezelwa kwamandla kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo.Isokethi kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokulwa nentlantsi, kwaye kufuneka kubekho izixhobo zokuqhuba phantsi kwegumbi lokusebenza ukuthintela ugqabhuko-dubulo olubangelwa ziintlantsi.Isokhethi yombane kufuneka ivalwe ngesigqubuthelo sokukhusela amanzi ukuba angangeni, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukungaphumeleli kwesekethe echaphazela ukusebenza.Umgca wamandla oyintloko uphakathi eludongeni, kwaye izixhobo zombhobho wokufunxa kunye ne-oksijini kufuneka zibekwe eludongeni.Izibonelelo zokukhanyisa Ukukhanyisa ngokubanzi kufuneka kufakwe eludongeni okanye uphahla.Izibane zotyando kufuneka zifakwe kunye nezibane ezingenamthunzi, kunye nezibane zokuphakamisa izinto.Umthombo wamanzi kunye nezixhobo zokuthintela umlilo: iimpompo kufuneka zifakwe kwindawo yokusebenzela nganye ukuze kube lula ukugungxulwa.Izinto zokucima umlilo kufuneka zifakwe kwiipaseji kunye namagumbi ancedisayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.Amanzi ashushu nabandayo kunye nomphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu kufuneka aqinisekiswe ngokupheleleyo.Isixhobo sokungenisa umoya, ukuhluza kunye nokuvala inzala: amagumbi okusebenza anamhlanje kufuneka amisele umoya ogqibeleleyo, isixhobo sokucoca kunye nesixhobo sokucoca umoya.Iindlela zokungenisa umoya ziquka ukuhamba kwe-turbulent, ukuhamba kwe-laminar kunye nohlobo oluthe nkqo, olunokukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo.Indawo yokungena kunye noyilo lwendlela yokuphuma: Uyilo loyilo lwendlela yokungena neyokuphuma kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zeenkqubo zokusebenza kunye nezahlulo zococeko.Kufuneka kumiselwe iindlela ezintathu zokungena nokuphuma, enye yeyokungena nokuphuma kwabasebenzi, eyesibini ibe yeyezigulane ezonzakeleyo, eyesithathu ibe yeyeendlela zokubonelela ezijikelezayo ezifana nokunxitywa kwezixhobo zokusebenza., zama ukuzikhetha kwaye uphephe ukosuleleka ngenxa yentsholongwane.
Ukulawulwa kobushushu begumbi lokusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka kubekho izixhobo zokupholisa kunye nokufudumeza.I-air conditioner kufuneka ifakwe kuphahla oluphezulu, ubushushu begumbi kufuneka bugcinwe kwi-24-26 ℃, kwaye ukufuma okuhambelanayo kufuneka kube malunga ne-50%.Igumbi lokusebenza ngokubanzi liyi-35-45 square metres, kwaye igumbi elikhethekileyo limalunga ne-60 square metres, lilungele utyando lwe-cardiopulmonary bypass, ukutshintshwa kwamalungu, njl.;indawo encinci yegumbi lokusebenza i-20-30 square metres.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-08-2022