Igesi yonyango ibhekisela kwigesi esetyenziselwa unyango lwezonyango.Ezinye zisetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kunyango;ezinye zisetyenziselwa i-anesthesia;ezinye zisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba izixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo;ezinye zisetyenziselwa imifuniselo yonyango kunye neebhaktheriya kunye nenkcubeko ye-embryo.Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ioksijini, i-nitrous oxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-argon, i-helium, i-nitrogen kunye nomoya ocinezelweyo.
Ubume kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegesi yonyango:
1. I-Oxygen (i-Oxygen) I-molecular formula ye-oksijeni yi-O2.Yi-oxidizer eyomeleleyo kunye nesixhasi sokutshisa.Xa ioksijini ephezulu idibana negrisi, iya kuba ne-oxidation reaction eyomeleleyo, ivelise ubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye itshise kwaye iqhume.Ngoko ke, ibhalwe njengeNgxelo yeKlasi B yengozi yomlilo kwi "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings".
Nangona kunjalo, ioksijini ikwayeyona nto isisiseko yokugcina ubomi, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukongeza ioksijini kwizigulana ezine-hypoxic.Ukuphefumla ngokuthe ngqo kwe-oksijeni ephezulu ecocekileyo kuyingozi kumzimba womntu, kwaye i-oxygen concentration yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide ngokuqhelekileyo ayidluli i-30-40%.Izigulana eziqhelekileyo ziphefumla ioksijini ngeebhotile zokufumisa;Izigulana ezigula kakhulu ziphefumla ioksijini ngesixhobo sokuphefumla.Ioksijini ikwasetyenziswa kumagumbi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukunyanga isifo sokuntywila, ityhefu yerhasi, kunye nokwenza atomize amayeza.
I-molecular formula ye-nitrous oxide yi-N2O.Yigesi engenambala, enevumba elimnandi, nenuka kamnandi.Emva kokuphefumla okuncinci, izihlunu zobuso ziya kuphazamiseka kwaye ukubonakala kokuhleka kuya kubonakala, ngoko kuyaziwa ngokuba yigesi ehlekayo (i-gas-gas).
I-nitrous oxide ayisebenzi kwaye ayidleki kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi;nangona kunjalo, i-oxidize i-aluminium, intsimbi, i-alloy yobhedu kunye nezinye iintsimbi xa ishushu;iya krusa i-polypropylene ngaphezu kwe-60°C.
I-nitrous oxide iya kubola ibe yinitrogen kunye neoksijini xa ubushushu bungaphezu kwe-650℃, ngoko ke inefuthe elixhasa ukutsha.Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, uxinzelelo olungaphezu kwe-15 atmospheres luya kubangela ukuvutha kwegrisi.
Irhasi ehlekayo inyibilika kancinane emanzini, inyibilika ngokulula kwi-acetone, i-methanol kunye ne-ethanol, kwaye inokungathintelwa kwaye ifunxe izisombululo zealkaline ezifana ne-high-chlorine bleaching powder kunye nesoda ash.
Emva kokuba inani elincinci le-nitrous oxide lifakwe, line-anesthesia kunye nefuthe le-analgesic, kodwa ubuninzi be-inhalation bungabangela ukuxhatshazwa.Ngonyango, umxube we-nitrous oxide kunye ne-oksijeni (umlinganiselo wokuxuba: 65% N2O + 35% O2) isetyenziswe njenge-anesthetic, kwaye ifakwe kwisigulane ngendlela evaliweyo okanye i-ventilator.Ngexesha le-anesthesia, sebenzisa i-oxygen echanekileyo kunye ne-nitrous oxide flow metres ukujonga umlinganiselo wokuxuba ezimbini ukukhusela isigulane kwi-asphyxiating.Xa uyeka ukuphefumla, isigulane kufuneka sinikwe ioksijini ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10 ukuthintela i-hypoxia.
Ukusebenzisa i-nitrous oxide njenge-anesthetic ineenzuzo zexesha elifutshane lokungeniswa, umphumo omuhle we-analgesic, ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza, kwaye akukho miphumo emibi ekuphefumleni, isibindi kunye nemisebenzi yezintso.Kodwa inempembelelo encinci yokuthintela kwi-myocardium, ukuphumla kwemisipha akuphelelanga, kwaye i-anesthesia jikelele ibuthathaka.I-nitrous oxide iyodwa njenge-anesthetic ifaneleka kuphela kwimisebenzi emincinci efana nokukhupha izinyo, ukubuyisela ukuphuka, ukusika ithumba, i-suture yotyando, ukukhupha isisu, kunye nokunikezelwa okungenabuhlungu.Kwimisebenzi emikhulu, isoloko isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ne-barbiturates, i-succinylcholine, i-opiates, i-cyclopropane, i-ether, njl.
Irhasi ehlekayo ikwasetyenziswa njengesikhenkcisi, iarhente yokubona ukuvuza, iarhente ekhupha amagwebu ekhrimu, isikhuselo sokutya, iarhente exhasa ukutsha, njl.
3. Ikharbhon diokside
I-molecular formula ye-carbon dioxide yi-CO2, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-carbon dioxide.Yigesi engenambala, emuncu kwaye enetyhefu encinci.Ayisebenzi kubushushu begumbi, inyibilika emanzini, kwaye ukunyibilika kwayo yi-0.144g/100g yamanzi (25℃).Kwi-20 ° C, i-carbon dioxide ingaba ngulwelo olungenambala ngokuyicinezela kwi-5.73 × 106 Pa, ehlala ixinzelelwe kwaye igcinwe kwi-cylinder.Ikhabhon dayoksayidi inokwenziwa ibe ngumkhenkce owomileyo ngokucinezela (5.27×105Pa) kunye nokupholisa (ngezantsi -56.6℃).Umkhenkce owomileyo unokuthotywa ngokuthe ngqo kwigesi kwi-1.013 × 105 Pa (uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric) kunye -78.5 ° C.Xa ulwelo ikharbon dayoksayidi iphuphuma ngokukhawuleza phantsi koxinzelelo olucuthiweyo, inxalenye yokufunxa ubushushu begasification yenza enye indawo icimeke ibe sisiqina esifana nekhephu, esicinezela isiqina esifana nekhephu sibe sisiqina esifana nomkhenkce (umkhenkce owomileyo).
Umda okhuselekileyo womxholo we-carbon dioxide emoyeni ngu-0.5%.Ukuba idlula i-3%, iya kuchaphazela umzimba.Ukuba idlula i-7%, iya kubangela isiqaqa.Ukuba idlula i-20%, iya kubangela ukufa.
Kwezonyango, ikharbon diokside isetyenziselwa ukunyusela i-cavity yesisu kunye ne-colon ye-laparoscopy kunye ne-fiber colonoscopy.Ukongeza, isetyenziselwa ukulima ibhaktheriya (ibhaktheriya ye-anaerobic) kwilabhoratri.Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwekhabhon diokside lunokusetyenziswa kwi-cryotherapy ukunyanga urhatyazo kunye nezifo zemithambo.
Ikhabhon diokside yinto engatshiyo, ayinakutsha, kwaye inzima kunomoya (ubuninzi be-1.977g/L phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ezimalunga ne-1.5 ngamaxesha omoya), ezinokugubungela umphezulu wezinto kwaye zihlukanise umoya, ngoko ke isoloko isetyenziswa Ukucima Umlilo, esetyenziselwa i-carbon dioxide shielded welding (esetyenziselwa ukwahlula ioksijini), njl njl. Umkhenkce owomileyo ungasetyenziswa njengesikhenkcisi, umxube wokubulala iintsholongwane, kwaye usetyenziselwe imvula eyenziweyo.
4. IArgon
I-molecular formula ye-argon yi-Ar.Yigesi engenambala, engenavumba kwaye engenatyhefu.Ayinakutsha, ayinakutsha, kwaye ayisebenzi ngamachiza kunye nezinye izinto, ngoko ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela isinyithi kwi-oxidation.
Igesi ye-argon i-ionized kwi-ion ye-argon yegesi phantsi kwesenzo se-frequency ephezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu.Le ion yegesi ye-argon ine-conductivity egqwesileyo kwaye iyakwazi ukuhambisa ngokuqhubekayo ngoku.I-argon gas ngokwayo inokunciphisa ukushisa kwesilonda ngexesha lokusebenza, kunye nokunciphisa i-oxidation kunye ne-carbonization (umsi, i-eschar) yezicubu ezonakalisiweyo.Ngoko ke, isoloko isetyenziselwa ukuphindaphinda okuphezulu kunyango lwezonyango.
Izixhobo zotyando ezifana nemela ye-argon.
I-Argon ikwasetyenziswa kwi-argon shielded welding, izibane ze-fluorescent, ukuveliswa kwesekethe edibeneyo, njl.
5. Iheliyam (iheliyam)
Ifomula yemolekyuli ye-helium nguYe.Ikwayigesi engenambala, engenavumba kwaye engeyotyhefu.Ayinakutsha, ayinakutsha, kwaye ayisebenzi ngamachiza kunye nezinye izinto, ngoko ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela isinyithi kwi-oxidation.Kwezonyango, isoloko isetyenziswa kwizixhobo zotyando ezifana neemela ze-helium ze-high-frequency.
6. Initrogen
I-molecular formula yenitrogen yi-N2.Yirhasi engenambala, engenavumba, engeyotyhefu, engatshiyo.Ayisebenzi kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kwaye ayisebenzi ngokwekhemikhali ngeentsimbi eziqhelekileyo.Ngoko ke, i-nitrogen ecocekileyo isoloko isetyenziselwa i-metal anti-corrosion, njengokuzalisa iibhalbhu, i-anti-rust kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto ezizaliswe ngumoya, ukugcinwa, ukukhuselwa kwe-welding, ukutshintshwa kwegesi, njl. , iziqhushumbisi, izichumisi zenitrogen, njl., kwaye inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa.
Isetyenziselwa unyango ukuqhuba izixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo.
Ulwelo nitrogen idla ngokusetyenziswa cryotherapy utyando, stomatology, gynecology, kunye zamehlo ukunyanga hemangioma, umhlaza wolusu, amaqhakuva, hemorrhoids, umhlaza rectal, polyps ezahlukeneyo, cataracts, glaucoma, kunye insemination eyenziweyo.
7. Umoya oxinzelelweyo (umoya)
Umoya ocinezelweyo usetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amandla kwizixhobo zotyando ngomlomo, izixhobo zamathambo, ii-ventilators, njl.
Ukongeza kwezi zi-7 iigesi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, kukwakho nezinye iigesi zonyango ezinenjongo eyodwa:
8. I-hernia yonyango
Igesi ye-xenon yonyango isetyenziswa kakhulu kumatshini we-CT ityhubhu yegesi.Igesi ye-xenon ivuselela i-ionization ngokufunxa amandla, kwaye i-ion yayo ikhawuleza kwibala lombane kwaye ibethe ipleyiti yesinyithi ukuvelisa i-X-rays.Ngenxa yokuba ukufunxwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-X-rays zizicubu zomntu zahlukile, iyadlula Ikhompyuter iqhuba inkqubo yedatha yomzimba womntu emva kokuba i-X-rays ihlaziywe, kwaye emva koko umfanekiso wecandelo elinqamlezayo okanye lesithathu-dimensional lomzimba liya kuba. ihlolwe inokubanjwa.
9. Krypton
Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengezinto ezincedisayo kwi-laser source excitation kwizibhedlele ukunyusa ukuqina komthombo we-laser yasekuqaleni, ukuze kuphunyezwe ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nonyango lwezifo ngabagqirha.
10. Neon
Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucoceni nasekutshintsheni igesi koomatshini botyando belaser abadla ngokusetyenziswa ezibhedlele.Iimfuno ezithile zimiselwa yimizekelo eyahlukeneyo yotyando lwelaser esibhedlele.
11. Igesi edibeneyo
▲N2+CO2 okanye CO2+H2
Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu inkcubeko yebhaktheriya ye-anaerobic kwizibhedlele, esebenzela injongo yokulima iibhaktheriya ezifunwa yisondlo, iququzelele ukufunyanwa kweentlobo zebhaktheriya, kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zokuchonga ibhaktheriya, ehambelana nokuxilongwa kweklinikhi kunye nonyango.
▲5-10%CO2/Umoya
Isetyenziswe kwi-cerebral circulatory system, injongo kukukhuthaza nokukhawulezisa ukuqhubela phambili kokujikeleza kwegazi kwi-cerebral circulation, kunye nokugcina ukuzinza kwe-cerebral circulation.
▲Igesi exutyiweyo ye-ternary yonyango
Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwinkcubeko yeeseli kunye nenkcubeko ye-embryo.Yigesi esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kumaziko okuzala esibhedlele kunye nezinye iindawo.
12. Igesi encedisayo yokumisela igazi
Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukukhusela ukwahlukana kunye nokuzinza kwamacandelo egazi ngexesha lokulinganisa igazi, ukuze ubale ngokuchanekileyo ubuninzi becandelo ngalinye, njengeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, njl.
13, imiphunga isasaze igesi
Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu utyando lwemiphunga ukwandisa umthamo, ukuququzelela utyando kunye nokuthintela i-atrophy yemiphunga ekubeni ncinci.
14. Ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye negesi yokuvala inzala
15. Irhasi ye-laser excimer
16. Ukukhutshwa kunye nokunyangwa kwegesi yokukhupha kunye nolwelo olulahlwayo
Inkunkuma yolwelo
Inkunkuma yolwelo eveliswa kunyango ibandakanya isikhohlela, ubovu kunye negazi, i-ascites, ukuhlamba ukungcola, njl., Enokuthi iqokelelwe kwaye iqhutywe yinkqubo yokufunxa i-vacuum.
Irhasi yenkunkuma ye-anesthetic
Ngokuqhelekileyo ibhekisela kwigesi edibeneyo yokukhupha ekhutshwe ngumguli ngexesha le-anesthesia.Amacandelo ayo aphambili yi-nitrous oxide, i-carbon dioxide, umoya, i-enflurane, i-sevoflurane, i-isoflurane kunye nezinye iigesi ze-ether.
Irhasi yenkunkuma ye-anesthetic iyingozi kubasebenzi bezonyango.Kwangaxeshanye, amacandelo e-asidi ephantsi kwirhasi yokukhupha inefuthe elibi kwisixhobo, ngoko ke igesi yokukhupha i-anesthetic exhauthwe sisigulana.
Kufuneka iqokelelwe, iqhutywe okanye ihlanjululwe yi-Anesthetic Gas Scavenging System kwaye ikhutshwe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo.
Okwangoku, indlela yonyango esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kukufunxa irhasi yenkunkuma ene-anesthetic nge-activated carbon and then uyitshise.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-16-2021